In this paper, a two-tier Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) system where the second tier is deployed as femtocells is investigated. Although the reuse factor of one has been a generic concept to increase the data rate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDMA) technology, it is difficult to achieve high spectral efficiency by employing this reuse of the same resource from cell to cell. In addition, high data rate with minimal transmission energy per bit is one of the significant issues to reduce overall energy consumption by mobile communications. In this paper, we address these issues using femtocells in the coverage of macrocells in LTE-Advanced systems. In line with prevailing high spectral and energy efficient network requirement, a novel resource reuse strategy is proposed that employs the reuse of resources in the tier level, i.e. femto tier. The same resource block (RB) can be reused in the femto tier as long as the interference coordination condition is satisfied. The proportional fair (PF) scheduling strategy is adopted on top of which the proposed resource reuse strategy is applied resulting Modified PF (MPF) scheduling strategy. A novel interference coordination strategy is developed and investigated in the MPF scheduler. In addition, a new mechanism called “macro user RB reservation” for the system average fairness performance improvement is also investigated. A system level resource scheduling simulator is developed, and its performance is evaluated based on a number of scenarios to demonstrate that high spectral and energy efficiencies can be achieved in the context of LTE-Advanced systems.

Vehicular Ad-hoc network is an emerging class of wireless network that provide efficient communication between vehicles and between vehicles and road side units. VANETs are gaining attention from both industrial and academic point of view due to its applications ranging from safety applications to infotainment applications. The main component for success of VANET applications is its routing. Design of an efficient routing protocol is important for smart Intelligent Transport System (ITS). In this paper, we consider how traffic lights affect the design of routing protocol in urban vehicular communication. In urban environment the roads are partitioned to several segments due to the traffic lights. The design of a routing protocol in such an environment is difficult. This paper proposes a new intersection based routing protocol which takes traffic lights in to consideration and with low overhead.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of small sensor nodes with aptitude to sense, compute and transmit data that are deployed to observe a physical environment. The sensor node has limited capabilities, especially its energy reserve, its processing ability and its memory storage. Data dissemination and gathering protocols design for WSN are crucial challenges since those protocols should be easy, energy-efficient, and robust to deal with a very large number of nodes. Also, they should be self-configurable to node failures and dynamic changes of the network topology. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for gathering sensor reading based on chain forming using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique. To allow network lifetime extension, the ACO provides the shortest network nodes chaining instead of starting from the furthest node and using Greedy algorithm as PEGASIS do. The leader role duration is defined for each node based on its required energy to do this role in the established chain. Which avoids fast node’s energy depletion and then, the network lifetime would be extended. Through simulation, it is proved that the proposed algorithm allows network stability extension compared to the most known chaining algorithm.

When an attempt is made to modify tables that have not been sufficiently normalized undesirable side-effects may follow. This can be further specified as an update, insertion or deletion anomaly depending on whether the action that causes the error is a row update, insertion or deletion respectively. Most of the recent works on database normalization use a restricted definition of normal forms where only the primary key is taken into account and ignoring the rest of candidate keys. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic approach for database normalization up to third normal form by taking into account all candidate keys, including the primary key. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated on many real world examples.

Search engines have become an increasingly important educational tool. By just typing a few keywords into a search engine text-box, finding information has become an easy exercise. However, some people cannot use search engines effectively for various reasons. Students may not know how to choose proper keywords. They may have difficulty in selecting relevant information from millions of search results. In this paper, we propose a search engine system that shares search queries and browsing history among students. We refer to the search queries and browsing history as “community search logs”. This system analyzes these community search logs, and shares the students’ knowledge and experience with each other. Our purpose is to help students to improve their searching efficiency, especially those who are not good at searching.

In this paper, we present a novel MATLAB based Cellular mobile communication (CMC) laboratory course that comprises a total of ten experiments, covering the fundamental design parameters, considerations, and estimations of CMC both in the radio interface and core network levels. In the radio interface side, estimation of path loss, fading, power delay profile, and received bit error probability, while in the core network side, estimation of link budget of earth-satellite-earth communication, inland microwave communication, and radio resource allocation and scheduling are included. In addition, a fundamental to the MATLAB is also introduced at the very beginning for allowing students to understand of how to code in MATLAB. The laboratory was offered in fall 2012 at American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) for three sections each with a group of 40 students. The student’s comments on understanding, achieved knowledge, overall satisfaction, importance of the laboratory course, and any changes on the existing course content are documented and assessed.